Southern Bookman

Farewell Roger Angell, the New Yorker's iron horse and baseball's Virgil

Roger Angell, the revered baseball writer, stands among the legendary New Yorker stalwarts who defined the magazine from its first frivolous days in the 1920s through its rise as a paragon of serious journalism.

Angell's life intersected with that of the magazine, a cultural and intellectual beacon founded by Harold Ross as a humor magazine to chronicle the Jazz Age.

One of Ross's first hires was Angell's mother, Katharine Sergeant Angell White. As literary editor, she shaped Ross' vision of a breezy, sophisticated magazine for a new generation leaving rural America for the bright city lights.

Divorcing Angell's father, the attorney Ernest Angell, she fell in love with another New Yorker pioneer, E.B. White, who also set an urbane tone for the early magazine, with his "Talk of the Town" essays and humorous pieces. He collaborated with James Thurber in giving direction to the magazine, piloted by the exacting standards of the Ross, the legendarily uncouth editorial genius.

Angell, who died at age 101 Friday at his New York City apartment, wrote his first New Yorker piece in 1944 after serving in World War II.

At the start of his career, Ross and his successor, William Shawn, published John Hershey's account of the Hiroshima nuclear bombing, which took up an entire issue and established the New Yorker as the leading American magazine.

After a period editing the now vanished Holiday magazine, Angell followed his mother and stepfather as a major influence over the New Yorker's editorial mix.

Working in his mother's office, Angell guided an American short story renaissance, editing the first publications of Ann Beattie, Donald Bartheleme and Bobbie Ann Mason. He also edited midcareer stories of John Updike and John Cheever.

Along with his lauded baseball sagas for the magazine, suggested by Shawn, Angell mirrored his stepfather in composing Talk of the Town pieces. He also published his own short stories, and was known for writing the magazine's annual New Year's verse retrospective of the year before. 

While others fulsomely praised Angell's baseball writing, I liked best his memoir "Old Man," which looked back on pre-World War II New York City, recalling a magical time before Rockefeller Center’s rise.

Angell's career touched every era of the New Yorker.  He witnessed and chronicled enormous changes in American society and culture.

Like other literary authors, he found baseball the key to American life, at times overloading his metaphorical flights. 

Honored by the Hall of Fame late in his career, he idealized the game as it lost ground to football and basketball. In his work, baseball's glow never dimmed.
 

 

AJC political reporter Greg Bluestein gives inside story of Georgia's Democratic wave in 2020

With another Georgia election in full swing, Greg Bluestein's "Flipped: How Georgia Turned Purple and Broke the Monopoly on Republican Power" ends like a TV series cliffhanger.

As state voters head to the polls for the primary Tuesday and another general election in November, Georgia Democrats hope to repeat on a state level their stunning 2020 wins for national offices.

Bluestein's "Flipped" tells the often amusing inside story of how Joe Biden won Georgia's presidential election over incumbent Donald Trump, followed soon after by U.S. Senate upset wins by Democrats Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock over GOP incumbents David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler.

Along with nuts-and-bolts reporting, Bluestein colorfully sets the scenes of campaign events, giving a vivid picture of Georgia places inside and outside metro Atlanta.

Upholding the AJC's legacy of Ralph McGill, Jack Nelson, Gene Patterson, Cynthia Tucker, Jim Wooten, Bill Shipp, Harold Martin, Steve Oney and others, Bluestein covers Georgia politics like the dew, to echo the old Atlanta Journal motto. In "Flipped," Bluestein draws upon deep background notebook material outside of his robust daily newspaper coverage of the 2020 campaigns.

With the current election bringing back Bluestein cast members Brian Kemp, David Perdue, Stacey Abrams, Brad Raffensperger and Raphael Warnock, Bluestein's detailed account seems like a prequel that might require an update only two years later.

Continuing his indefatigable reporting in the AJC about the current campaign, Bluestein will have ample information to write a sequel or several new chapters to his fast-paced book. Democrats hope that they remain the triumphant heroes rather than quickly fading.

Kemp plays a leading role in "Flipped," heroically bucking Trump by naming Loeffler to replace the late Johnny Isakson as U.S. senator rather than Trump's preferred candidate, Doug Collins, and resisting Trump's intense pressure to intervene in Biden's victory in Georgia.

Bluestein also gives a chilling account of Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger's telephone showdown with Trump in which Raffensperger stood firm against the president's threats in beseeching him to overturn Biden's win. Raffensperger's refusal of Trump is a true profile in courage.

While Kemp and Raffensperger suffered intense vilification from Trump and his supporters, as recounted by Bluestein, both men rebounded from near political death. Kemp appears headed to victory over Trump's chosen candidate Perdue without a runoff, while Raffensperger is favored to narrowly defeat Trump candidate Jody Hice.

Along with Perdue, whose dismal Senate campaign against Ossoff was repeated in his lackluster race against Kemp, Warnock is another Bluestein subject returning for the 2022 election.  Bluestein praises Warnock's 2020 ad campaign and political organization in beating the often clueless Loeffler.

In seeking to head off Trump-backed Republican front-runner Herschel Walker, Warnock is returning to his 2020 strategy of early TV ads emphasizing his warm, compassionate and family-oriented personality. With Walker showing substantial strength, Warnock must also revive the Democrats' organizational depth.

While Trump's false claims of a rigged presidential election in Georgia are blamed for dampening Republican turnout for the Senate runoff elections, Bluestein establishes that Ossoff and Warnock's networking efforts to bring Democratic voters to the polls were decisive.

In contrast to previous runoff elections in which Democratic turnout plummeted, especially among black voters, the 2020 Democratic runoff turnout exceeded that of presidential elections.

Bluestein gives a blueprint for political strategists to win Georgia elections. Democratic gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams and the Democratic ticket need that same organizational power to regain control of the statehouse.

The Democratic political turnover that Bluestein analyzes had thin roots, with Republicans regaining control of the state House and Senate, and passing restrictive voting legislation that brought widespread national opposition.

Kemp’s support of the harsh voting law and other extreme conservative legislation restored his popularity among Georgia voters. With Republicans united behind him, he appears formidable in his re-election bid against Abrams, whom he defeated in 2018 without a runoff.

To truly turn Georgia purple, the Democratic Party must regain control of state government.

 

 

 

The Atlantic to expand book coverage, striking a blow for reading

The Atlantic will expand its book coverage, citing its heritage as a major force in American intellectual culture.

"Expect more book reviews and essays — plus provocative arguments, reported stories, profiles, original fiction and poetry, and, of course, recommendations for your every reading need," said Jane Yong Kim, the venerable publication's literary editor, in announcing the expansion.

Founded in 1857 in Boston amid the country's turmoil that led to the Civil War, the Atlantic Monthly published many of the landmark pieces of American literature.

With founders like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow William Dean Howells and James Russell Lowell, it set the abolitionist agenda that led to the Union victory and the end of slavery.

In its early years, it published landmark work by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Mark Twain, Howells, John Greenleaf Whittier and Julia Ward Howell. It later published work by a galaxy of American writers through the 20th century and first decades of the 21st.

The publication galvanized the civil rights movement by publishing Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail."

Emerging from years struggling to survive, the Atlantic is one of America's traditional media companies enjoying a renaissance in the online publishing world.

After Apple founder Steve Jobs' widow Laurene Powell Jobs bought the company through her Emerson Collective, the company gained profitability from a boost in Web site subscriptions. Under editor Jeffrey Goldberg, the publication has hired a vibrant lineup of writers and regained prevalence in political and cultural debates.

As general book readership declines and publishing industry consolidation increases, the Atlantic is seeking to draw from a shrinking audience of book readers. Many Atlantic subscribers likely also read Harpers, the New Yorker, The New York Times Book Review, the New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement and the London Review of Books. 

While many of those readers are members of an aging elite, the Atlantic's younger writers appeal to a rising generation who seem returning to books in some degree. Younger novelists, mainly women, and non-fiction writers keep publishing a strong offering of books.

Along with books appealing to urban liberals, a Fox News-bred publishing industry churns out books condemned as factually spurious.

The decline of daily newspapers has brought a decline in book coverage. The Los Angeles Times and Washington Post still cover books in depth, with strong reviews, and journals like the Los Angeles Review of Books have proliferated online.

After a move from literary Boston to Washington, D.C., in 2005, the Atlantic retrenched. Cutting back to 10 issues a year, it changed its name from the Atlantic Monthly to the Atlantic. 

Focusing more on politics and social issues, it also stopped publishing fiction and poetry, leaving the New Yorker and Harper's as the sole mass-audience journals offering short stories and poems. The rise of university literary magazines filled the void as creative writing programs proliferated.

The Atlantic's return to publishing fiction, essays and poetry is welcome news for a rising generation of young writers and the readers they hope to reach. As in the past, the Atlantic aims to set the standard for American literature.

 

Black hole images raise awe at universe's majesty

Spooky to see those images of the Milky Way black hole on Friday the 13th.

Those extraterrestrial scientists who released photos of the black hole's spectrum must have a sense of humor.

On Friday the 13th, the black hole appears even more ominous and strange. Scientists say a black hole sucks into its endless dark chamber anything that gets too close.

And I'd thought the black hole was the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 insurrection. Will it ever hold public hearings?

Another black hole is the U.S. Senate, where progressive legislation goes to die.

Black hole: that would be a good name for the coal mining corporation that made Joe Manchin a millionaire.

The big cookie monster at the center of the universe is 4 million times larger than the sun. A few years ago, scientists released images of an even bigger black hole farther out toward the universe's edge.

Those cosmic images are not actually the black hole, called Sagittarius A*, like the title of a sci-fi novel. Black holes, as their name implies, can’t be seen or photographed.

The international organization of scientists captured images of the black hole's outer spectrum, the light and matter that surrounds the black hole's swirling gravitational pull. The images reveal an orange halo resembling a misshapen doughnut. Images of Sagittarius A* match Einstein's theory of relativity. 

Capturing the first images of the black hole closest to earth - a mere 27,000 light years away - is an impressive accomplishment for an international group of researchers involved in the Event Horizon Telescope project. The term event horizon refers to the point where there's no escaping the black hole's embrace.

The black hole's images illuminate another mystery of the universe.

Too bad the United States now lacks the cooperative spirit of the Event Horizon team. Terrestrial black holes proliferate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Atlanta among nation's most inflationary cities

Atlanta's affordability, along with its pleasant year-round weather, long attracted newcomers from bigger, more expensive cities.

Now Atlanta's a national leader for rising costs,  reaching a 10 percent annual inflation rate in April, according to the Wall Street Journal. The inflation rate for the entire country was 8.3 percent, lower than expected, but still disturbingly high.

New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, some of the nation's most expensive cities, registered an annual inflation rate of around 7 percent, according to the April figures.

Those cities have long been plagued by outlandishly high housing costs. They've suffered staggering population declines caused by Covid, high crime rates, deteriorating urban life and the lack of affordable housing.

Atlanta's housing costs have escalated in recent years, as in other cities large and small. Similar Sunbelt cities such as Austin, Nashville, Charlotte and Tampa have also experienced a jump in housing costs, lessening their allure for transplants seeking more sunshine and a less expensive urban lifestyle.

The housing crunch in Atlanta has driven young families to more affordable suburbs like Cherokee, Forsyth, Douglas and Fayette counties. Georgia's 2022 elections will show whether that shift adds to the Democrats' 2020 victories.

Based on anecdotal evidence - my daily walks through my North Buckhead neighborhood - the city still draws many young professionals with small children. It appears that many now work from home, post-Covid.

After years of declining population - the late Dick Williams in his Atlanta Journal columns used to chortle about the "incredible shrinking city" - the city of Atlanta enjoyed a modest but steady population increase in recent years. Rising housing costs may stifle the city's renaissance.

A springtime quartet of books

Gearing up for knee replacement surgery, I'm juggling several books, along with the usual newspapers and magazines.

For inventive titles, my stack includes ace AJC reporter Greg Bluestein's "Flipped: How Georgia Turned Purple and Broke the Monopoly on Republican Power" and "Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World."

Flipped and crashed: that's how the world feels these days.

Watching Democratic campaign ads on TV, I fear Georgia's purple tinge will quickly wash off.

And as inflation rises, climate change advances and Putin pummels Ukraine, Tooze might need to write a sequel to "Crashed."

Actually, he has, "Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy." God only knows what economic disaster he'll uncover next, if we're still here to read about it.

To escape my jitters, I put those books down to escape into the 19th century.

Lucasta Miller's "Keats: A Brief Life in Nine Poems and One Epitaph" gives perceptive critical analyses of Keats' best-loved poetry along with fresh revelations about his life.

Miller's a steadfast guide to Keats' tragic life, and the book provides an excellent mini-anthology of his highest achievements.

Although I thought I was through with Civil War literature and biographies of Robert E. Lee, I couldn't resist Allen Guelzo's  simply titled "Robert E. Lee: A Life."

Guelzo, who agrees with the recent assessment that Lee was a traitor, writes with elan about how the Confederate hero was shaped by Virginia's upper-class plantation culture, family connections and his need to overcome the downfall of his father, Revolutionary War hero "Light Horse Harry" Lee.

Miller and Guelzo's books make clear that the 19th century worlds of Keats and Lee aren't so distant after all.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rivian's stock crash casts doubts on plans to build massive Georgia electric vehicle factory

Rivian's crashing stock price has not yet halted the electric vehicle manufacturer's plans to build a massive plant east of Atlanta.

But it's difficult to see how the former Wall Street darling can maintain its ambitious plans after such a financial downfall.

The company's stock plunged to $22.78 a share Monday after electric vehicle partner Ford announced it would sell 8 million shares.

Rivian stock soared to a high of $172 a share after the company's IPO last November, the biggest of the year. Reports of Rivian's financial troubles brought a scolding from the Wall Street Journal editorial page, not a good omen.

Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp's enthusiastic backing of a $1.5 billion state incentive package for the $5 billion plant has been blasted by David Perdue, Kemp's Donald Trump-backed challenger in the GOP gubernatorial primary. Kemp claims the plant straddling Walton and Morgan counties will produce 7,500 jobs and manufacture up to 400,000 vehicles a year.

Rivian recently curtailed its production claims, citing supply chain problems, which it expects to continue for several years. The company has a deal to produce thousands of electric vehicles for Amazon, which remains a major stockholder. So far, the company has managed to produce only 23,000 vehicles, not seriously challenging EV leader Tesla.

Perdue has joined local opposition to the plant, disingenuously citing Jewish financier and GOP target George Soros' involvement in Rivian's financing.

Trump during his presidency was an enthusiastic backer of such manufacturing projects, which fit with his Make America Great Again mantra to restore domestic manufacturing.

Desperate to cling to any plank to disparage Kemp, Perdue the former corporate raider has turned environmentalist and local populist in denouncing the project. Construction is scheduled to begin this summer.

As the Rivian plant remains a volatile issue in the Kemp-Perdue feud, the AJC reported that Hyundai is planning to build a huge Kia electric vehicle factory near Savannah. The AJC cited the Biden administration's support for electric vehicles as boosting the industry in Georgia.

That conflicts with the idiotic commercials by GOP lieutenant governor candidate Butch Miller, who ludicrously claims that if elected he'll stop Biden's policies from ruining the Gret State of Jaw-Ja. Biden's programs are boosting economic development Republicans have long supported.

Georgia's primary shows a split in the state's GOP among candidates backed by Trump and more mainstream business-oriented candidates, who keel further right on culture-war issues. While the Trumpsters deny climate change, the business-oriented Republicans approve millions for electric-vehicle manufacturing.

Perhaps that not-so-civil war in the Georgia GOP will help Democratic governor's candidate Stacey Abrams and other Democratic candidates maintain their 2020 hold on the state.

Kathy Boudin's good works can't atone for her violent past

Kathy Boudin spent her final years as a Columbia University professor fighting for social justice.

Her friends and loved ones portray her as a saintly advocate for prisoners' rights and a pacifist lover of nature, music and poetry.

I have a hard time ignoring the fact that she was a murderer.

Boudin, who served 22 years in prison for her role in the killings of two police officers and a security guard in a 1981 Brinks armored car robbery, died Sunday of cancer at age 78. Although she had no direct role in the murders, she drove the getaway car and allegedly served as a decoy.

She was also a member of the radical Weather Underground, which planned to kill American citizens with bombs in an effort to "bring home" the Vietnam War.

The daughter of the well-known left-wing attorney Leonard Boudin and the niece of journalist I.F. Stone, Kathy was a privileged "red diaper" baby, growing up in Greenwich Village and attending the Little Red Schoolhouse along with another famed 1960s radical, Angela Davis.

After graduating as the class valedictorian at Bryn Mawr, one of the exclusive "Seven Sisters" women's colleges, she turned to radical politics, joining the Weather Underground, first known as the Weathermen after the Bob Dylan lyric "you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows."

On March 12, 1970, two members of the group making a bomb in the basement of a lavish townhome at 18 West 11th St. in Greenwich Village blew themselves up and destroyed the building. Another comrade died in the blast. 

Tragically lacking bomb-making expertise, the group had ordered enough dynamite to level the entire block. But the blast didn’t set off the explosives that remained.

The townhome next door, where actor Dustin Hoffman lived, was also damaged in the accident,  as writer Robert Rosen discloses in a March 3 Village Voice article, an extensive account of the group and the disaster.

The actor who had recently achieved stardom for “The Graduate” might have been killed has he been home. The blast blew a hole in the wall of an office where Hoffman had earlier been working at a desk.

Taking a shower upstairs when the blast shook the building, a dazed Boudin fell through the floor and escaped naked into the street. A neighbor, identified by Rosen as Susan Wagner, one of Henry Fonda's former wives, who thought a gas explosion had occurred, rushed Boudin to her nearby house and gave her clothes.

After recuperating, Boudin escaped, heading with another survivor of the blast to a nearby subway station and riding away to 11 years underground. After a series of low-level jobs and dodging authorities, she and partner David Gilbert, the parents of an infant son, joined with the Black Liberation Army in the $1.9 million Brinks robbery.

Gilbert, also convicted of murder, was recently released from prison after his sentence was commuted by former New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo before he left office in disgrace.

During their years in prison, the couple's son, Chesa Boudin, was raised by Chicago residents Bernadette Dohrn and Bill Ayers, fellow Weather Underground leaders who had planned violent bombings. Ayers and Dohrn, who escaped prison terms on legal technicalities, also rehabilitated themselves, becoming noted education professors.

Ayers resurfaced with a self-serving New York Times op-ed piece the day before the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. He also regained notoriety during Barack Obama's first presidential campaign when right wingers claimed he was a close friend of the candidate, who lived in the same Chicago neighborhood.

Boudin after her release from prison received an advanced degree from Columbia, joined the Ivy League school's faculty and co-founded Columbia's Center for Justice, which advocates for prisoner's rights.

Her son Chesa Boudin, now the progressive district attorney of San Francisco, and Gilbert were with Boudin at her bedside when she died after a long cancer battle. Articles in the Nation and on the Center for Justice web site exalted Boudin, downplaying her Weather Underground days.

Like Ayers and Dohrn, euphemistically described as "activists," Boudin’s privileged background led to her rehabilitation and the diminishing of her violent past.

Boudin expressed remorse for the Brinks killings, and fought for social justice after her release from prison. History will remember her violent past.

 

 

 

 

Reading old issues of Partisan Review brings back long vanished literary world

Spending a pleasant morning at the University of Georgia Library over the weekend, I found bound copies of the Partisan Review.

To celebrate my 71st birthday, I perused issues from the spring of 1951, when New York City had begun ascending to new heights as the world's cultural center.

Founded as a Marxist/anti-Stalinist journal by Philip Rahv and William Phillips, the Partisan Review transformed itself into the forum for an influential generation of New York City writers.

Flipping through the brittle, yellowing pages, with ads for defunct bookstores and long-forgotten books, I joyously encountered work by Elizabeth Hardwick, Elizabeth Bishop, Delmore Schwartz, Randall Jarrell, Eleanor Clark, Diana Trilling and Lionel Trilling, all at the start of their careers. Missing was Mary McCarthy, once Rahv's lover, but I'm sure she was present somewhere in the volume.

While I found several of Bishop's poems, Schwartz was represented by critical essays. I was surprised to find poems by writers best known for non-fiction or as novelists. Poetry must have been a popular pursuit at the time.

One of Jarrell's pieces was a review of books by then young poets Richard Wilbur and Robert Lowell, along with an analysis of a new volume of "Patterson" by poetry elder statesman William Carlos Williams. Several other critical essays illustrate Jarrell's mastery of the English language.

I was delighted to find a review by W.H. Auden of a collection of Keats' letters edited by Lionel Trilling. The piece shows Auden's wit and insight as a critic.

Reading the old copies made me wish that someone would revive the Partisan Review. Its blend of left-wing politics and high cultural outlook would counter the New Criterion, with its right-wing paranoia, convervative tub-thumping and incisive criticism.

The Partisan Review essays, poems and stories I read were published when I was an infant. As an adult, I came to revere the Partisan Review writers, many of whom later often published pieces in The New York Review of Books, founded in 1963 during the New York City newspaper strike. 

Encountering the not-yet-famous writers at the dawn of their careers gave me a strange sense of dislocation, as if I'd somehow become part of their generation. The long dead New York intellectuals came alive through their words.

 

 

 

 

U.S. Grant defended by Civil War historian Allen C. Guelzo in Wall Street Journal article

As evidence mounts that the Republican Party stands for insurrection and opposes the truth, the Wall Street Journal on Wednesday remembered U.S. Grant, who defeated the Confederacy's rebellion against the United States.

On the 200th anniversary of Grant's birth, Civil War historian Allen G. Guelzo defended the Republican's Civil War record and often disparaged presidency.

That followed Wall Street Journal columnist Peggy Noonan's recent praise of Grant for his magnanimity to Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee at the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, Va., on April 9, 1865, Palm Sunday. Grant allowed Lee's defeated soldiers to keep their horses and weapons, and ordered that they be given food.

Guelzo, now at Princeton after a career at Penn, wrote a well-regarded history of Gettysburg and a recent biography of Robert E. Lee, refreshingly simply titled "Robert E. Lee: A Life." The frequent WSJ contributor also drew fire for agreeing to serve on Donald Trump's dubious panel that sought to whitewash American history.

Countering long-engrained criticism that Grant's presidency was one of the most corrupt in American history, Guelzo pointed out that a probe at the time led to only one indictment, and Grant was never implicated.

While elitists like Henry Adams mocked Grant for his perceived lack of refinement, Grant like Lincoln possessed a deep understanding of the nation's core values.

Grant's critics accused the Union Army leader of slaughtering too many soldiers to win battles. Abraham Lincoln's widow, Mary Todd Lincoln, joined those who claimed Grant's tactics caused too high a death toll. Detractors view Grant as a butcher who defeated Lee in a war of attrition because the Union had much greater manpower than the South.

Guelzo admits that Grant's direct assaults at Cold Harbor pointlessly wasted lives, but that the Union Army suffered fewer deaths than Lee's. Lincoln also supported Grant's strategy after the discouraging performances of McClellan, Hooker, Burnside and Meade.

Advances in weapons technology raised the appalling death counts of Civil War battles as generals often resorted to the outmoded strategy of direct attacks.

Sherman at Kennesaw Mountain, Burnside at Fredericksburg and Lee in launching Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg engendered horrifying slaughter by sending troops directly at entrenched enemy positions.

Dismissing the familiar accusations that the alcoholic Grant was drunk during battles, Guelzo points out that an investigator found no evidence that drinking ever impaired Grant's judgment.

Guelzo also defends Grant's actions in support of Reconstruction, pointing out that midterm elections at the end of his administration cost him his Republican majority in the House. Grant sent troops into South Carolina to suppress the Klan, and suspended habeas corpus, as Lincoln had done during the war. But Guelzo doesn't mention that Grant failed to send soldiers into other Southern states.

Outside of the purview of Guelzo, the Hayes-Tilden compromise and the ascension of Democrat Rutherford B. Hayes following Grant's presidency brought the removal of federal troops from the South, and the end of Reconstruction. Jim Crow laws restored white supremacy in the old Confederacy.

Dying of cancer, Grant courageously wrote his memoirs, considered a classic of American literature. Guelzo doesn't mention that Mark Twain encouraged Grant to write his battle recollections, which financially supported his family after his death.

Grant, who was serving as a clerk in his father's store when the Civil War began, is one of the central American stories, a flawed and unpretentious man who rose to carry out Lincoln's mission to preserve the Union and end slavery.

While like many Southern boys, I grew up revering Lee, I've over the years gained deep admiration for Grant and less respect for the Confederate idol.

At low moments, I draw encouragement from Grant's statement to Sherman after the Union's Army's disastrous first day at Shiloh.

"Well, Grant, we’ve had the devil’s own day, haven’t we?” Sherman said.

Grant responded, "Yes, lick ’em to-morrow, though.”