Southern Bookman

Wildfires sending smoke deep into space, WSJ science writer reports

A traveler through space can tell the earth is burning.

Super thunderstorms caused by massive wildfires send smoke clouds miles into the stratosphere, Wall Street Journal science writer Robert Lee Hotz reports in  his Science Journal column Tuesday.

While the long-term effects have not been determined, the smoke blocks sunlight on a planetary scale. The effect is similar to that of a volcano's erupting. Recent massive wildfires, of longer duration and intensity than in the past, are believed caused by climate change.

The Australian wildfires last January sent smoke 21 miles above the earth, Hotz reports. The smoke circled the globe twice before dissipating last April.

Despite such stories by the WSJ's reporters, the Rupert Murdoch-owned newspaper denies the reality of climate change on its editorial pages.

While not as long-lasting as carbon emissions into the atmosphere, wildifire smoke spewing into the stratosphere is an ominous sign of climate change.

As another hurricane stirs in the Gulf of Mexico, the Trump administration announced another final act of desecration, opening oil leasing in the Arctic Wildlife Refuge. The oil companies can stake their claims to the pristine wilderness beginning Jan. 17, three days before the inauguration of Joe Biden. The Biden administration will have a difficult time reversing the action by the climate-denying, fossil fuel-supporting Trump administration.

Trump's plundering last days highlight the importance of the Senate runoff elections in Georgia. Victories by Democrats Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff will allow Biden to carry out his program to shift from a fossil fuel economy and eliminate carbon emissions. Republican control of the Senate will allow fossil fuel companies to continue ravaging the planet.

 

An ominious turn: United States officially abandons climate change treaty

Overlooked in the chaotic battle for the White House, the United States on the day after the presidential election officially left the Paris climate change agreement.

With millions voting for climate-change denier Donald Trump, the United States abandoned the global commitment to reduce carbon emissions.

Trump announced in July 2017 that the United States would leave the 2015 pact that seeks to limit global temperatures. But the treaty required a three-year waiting period for a country to withdraw.

If Trump takes back the White House, the United States, with 15 percent of global greenhouse emissions, will commit itself further to promoting fossil fuels.

Trump has relentlessly reversed President Obama's climate change efforts, from weakening auto-emissions regulations to promoting the coal and petroleum industries.

He has also begun steps to open petroleum drilling in Alaska's Arctic Wildlife Refuge and other long protected wilderness areas.

Democratic candidate Joe Biden, near a presidential victory, promises to return to the Paris agreement. If Biden is elected, the country would have a month to rejoin the treaty.

Biden calls for a massive effort to make buildings more energy efficient and developing wind and solar power to shift from a carbon-based economy.

The treaty seeks to keep global temperature increases this century to under 2 degrees celsius above pre-industrial averages. It calls for additional efforts to reach a 1.5c threshold.

Climate change has already advanced further than earlier projections, with soaring temperatures, drought, melting arctic ice, fires and hurricanes. Rising ocean levels will threaten coastal nations and cities.

The United States must rejoin the effort to reduce emissions if the world is to have any chance to limit climate change's devastation.

 

 

 

 

 

Massive bird deaths sound alarm about disappearing plant, animal species

Birds dying by the thousands in the American Southwest give tragic confirmation to the latest UN alarm that biodiversity is collapsing.

For centuries, birds have migrated from Alaska and Canada to Central and South America at the end of summer in the northern hemisphere. Now, large numbers of flycatchers, swallows and warblers are falling out of the sky in New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Arizona and Nebraska, dying far short of their destinations, according to the Guardian.

That distressing news follows a United Nations report warning that the world is failing to halt the extinction of plant and animal species. Out of 20 goals set in 2010 to reverse humans' destruction of wildlife by 2020, only six have been met, and those partially, according to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. The new findings follow an earlier UN report that 1 million plant and animal species are in danger of extinction.

The rapid decline in species since 1970 threaten  human existence, the UN says. Urbanization, the growth of agriculture, the loss of forests, plastic pollution, carbon emissions, climate change and invasive alien species have disrupted natural habitats. Overfishing and industrial wastes spewing into waterways have distressed the earth's oceans.

Climate change, and the wildfires in the Western United States, appear the main cause of the birds' deaths. The fires forced the birds away from pathways where food is plentiful, leaving them too undernourished to complete their journey.

Bird species are also threatened by climate change in Canada and the loss of their South American habitats to deforestation. A similar process is reducing the number of monarch butterflies.

New Yorker writer Elizabeth Kolbert's Pulitzer Prize winning "The Sixth Extinction" warned in 2015 about the threat to humanity from the loss of plants and animals. But even as awareness of climate change grows, the loss of diversity receives little attention.

The UN report contained some good news: deforestation has lessened, more ocean and natural areas have received protection, and progress was made to halt invasive species. But lately, fires have spread across Brazil's Amazon jungle and Pantanal wetlands, as the western United States burns.

As with the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, the world is running out of time to protect species that share the earth with us.

 

 

Temperatures quickly approaching threshold set by climate change treaty

As wildfires rage across the globe and heat records tumble, high temperatures are soaring rapidly toward the apocalyptic zone.

The world is pushing toward a 1.5-degree Celsius increase in temperatures over pre-industrial averages, the strictest limit set for this century by the Paris climate change agreement in 2015, according to a new report issued by the United Nations World Meterological Organization and other groups.

There's a 25 percent chance that the world will exceed the limit of 2.7 degrees Farenheit in the next four years, the Associated Press reported in an article published on the Huffington Post news site. The Paris treaty also set an upper goal of 2 degrees Celsius for the world to avoid climate change's worst effects.

Temperatures this summer reached 130 degrees in Death Valley, Calif., and 100 degrees in Siberia. As another heat wave pushes temperatures higher, wildfires continue in California, Washington and Oregon.

In Brazil, not only is the Amazon burning with worst fires than last year. Wildfires are also devastating Brazil's Pantanal, the world's largest wetlands, the New York Times reported.

Rising temperatures also bring worst hurricanes. Most of Lake Charles, La., remains without power after Hurricane Laura struck Aug. 27. The hurricane was the most powerful to ever strike the state, frequently ravaged by hurricanes.

Without major emissions reductions, temperatures could blaze far above the 1.5 Celsius threshold, making much of the world unlivable.

 

 

 

 

 

After Hurricane Laura's devastation, Lake Charles the latest Gulf Coast city with broken dreams

My home state mourns another Louisiana city devastated by a hurricane.

Before Hurricane Laura pummeled Lake Charles just after midnight Thursday, the hometown of Tony Kushner and Lucinda Williams was already hurt by the Covid-19 pandemic and the oil industry's decline.

As often happens when hurricanes strike, terrible aftershocks kept coming. A chemical fire spewed toxic smoke Thursday morning as daylight revealed the horrifying extent of the damage.

Like other mid-sized Louisiana cities, Lake Charles pursues educational and cultural aspirations beyond its roughneck economy of  oil refineries, fishing and gambling. The city is the home of McNeese State University, and boasts an excellent symphony and local theater. The Calcasieu Parish school system pursues quality education for its students.

At the western edge of Louisiana's Cajun culture, the last Interstate-10 stop in Louisiana before Texas' petro fiefdoms Beaumont, Nederland, Orange and Houston, Lake Charles is one of those places where different cultures fuse.

Bracketed  by Lafayette and Lake Charles, the area's music mixes Cajun dance tunes, Western swing, country and western, and rock. The predominantly Cajun cuisine also embraces Mexican and black flavors, and Texas barbecue.

The city has inspired art: Kushner's musical "Caroline or Change" is set there, and Williams dedicated a song to her native city. Lake Charles is the setting of the Band's "Up on Cripple Creek."

Say a prayer for Lake Charles, a striving, ambitious town that must rebuild.

 

New Orleans haunted by Katrina and Houston remembers Harvey as new storms threaten

As the 15th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina's devastation of New Orleans approaches, the city is threatened by two tropical storms.

While tropical storm Marco weakened Monday morning, it will still bring flooding to New Orleans and southeastern Louisiana if it invades the state as expected.

Tropical Storm Laura reportedly will grow into a Category 2 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico and make landfill Wednesday evening somewhere from Texas to Louisiana.

Houston, which suffered severe flooding from Hurricane Harvey in August 2017, is also keeping an eye on the new storms. Marco was expected to arrive in the Texas oil city as a tropical depression, which will bring flooding. The nation's fourth-largest city could also be hit by Laura.

We members of the Louisiana/Gulf Coast diaspora are lighting candles and saying prayers that our beloved coastal cities are spared death and destruction from this year's storms.

The sister coastal cities are already under siege from Covid-19. Major storm damage will further stress hospitals and emergency services battered by the corona virus.

Katrina brought enormous changes to New Orleans. It became a wealthier, whiter city as gentrification spread, lessening its cultural uniqueness.

Violent crime dropped, but murders and shootings have rebounded during the pandemic, as has happened in other cities. The flood protection system has been strengthened, though probably not enough, and the city has added more green space.

As with Katrina in New Orleans, Hurricane Harvey exposed the racial, economic and social divisions in Houston.

Houston, the South's most diverse city, has improved flood control, but the storms will worsen as climate change intensifies.

New Orleans and Houston, both built on sinking land surrounded by water, are endangered, no matter how much money is spent to lessen their vulnerability.

As climate change raises the hurricane threat, New Orleans and Houston will be a perpetual storm target. Temperatures will get warmer and rising sea levels increase the flooding risk even without rain. 

Both cities likely will be abandoned one day, relics of history rather than livable places.

ANWR oil drilling plan fans flames of climate change

Oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve would be the finale of the American frontier.

Donald Trump's Interior Secretary David Bernhardt on Monday opened the pristine 19-million acre ANWR to oil company leasing. The admnistration's act of vandalism sacrifices the sacred home of polar bears and caribou to corporate greed.

The action opens the entire 1.56-million acre coastal plain of the ANWR to leasing. Showing that the Trump administration will keep wreaking mischief even if it loses the election, Bernhardt wants the leasing done by the end of the year, making it difficult for Joe Biden to halt drilling. If Trump steals the election, oil wells will cover caribou nesting grounds.

Environmental groups will file suits to stop the action, and market forces might preserve the wildlife area. With the drop in oil prices and the technical difficulties of drilling in the ANWR, petroleum companies have expressed reluctance to bid on leases. Banks won't be eager to give loans for drilling.

Millions of barrels of oil reportedly lie beneath the ANWR, but those estimates might be understated. More seismic tests are required to determine the exact amount of petroleum there, but Bernhardt is pushing ahead anyway.

With the world reeling from climate change, the Trump administration pours more fuel on the fire.

 

 

Antarctic ice shelves melting at alarming pace

Goodbye to the Antarctic ice shelves.

Antarctica has lost 4,000 megatons of ice in the last 25 years, according to a Wall Street Journal article Tuesday, based on a report in the journal Nature Geoscience.

That's enough water to fill the Grand Canyon, the British newspaper The Independent said. If the melting continues at the present rate, the Grand Canyon might really be filled with water some day.

Thousands of years old, the ice shelves are melting faster than they can be replenished. Floating on the ocean, the shelves form on the edges of the ice sheets that cover Antarctica and Greenland.

While the ice-shelf melting doesn't directly contribute to rising sea levels, the shelves are a buffer to underground ice moving out to sea, which increases sea levels. The shrinking ice shelves mean more of the subterranean ice is heading to the oceans.

Research has just begun into the effects of the Antarctic's loss of ice, according to the WSJ piece. The ice loss can change global weather patterns, the WSJ said.

Unlike Greenland, where the loss of ice is on the surface, the Antarctic melting comes from below, the article said.

If the entire Antarctic melts, sea levels could rise 200 feet, the Independent said, submerging coastal areas.

 

 

Methane emissions rise as Amazon forest shrinks

While the coronavirus curve bulges upward again, climate bad news has come back as well.

Methane emissions have increased 10 percent over the last two decades, with the highest level ever reached in 2017, according to a Nature magazine report citing findings by the Global Carbon Report, which measures changes in greenhouse gases.

Produced by natural gas production and livestock, the odorless gas is a more potent pollutant than carbon dioxide, while not lasting as long in the atmosphere, the article said.

As Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro recuperates from what he says is a symptom-free case of covid-19, the destruction of the Amazon under his rule races onward, according to satellite data.

"Nearly 3,000 square miles of tree coverage were lost in the 11 months ended June 30, according to preliminary numbers from Brazil’s National Institute of Space Research," the Wall Street Journal reported. "That is a 64% increase from the same period a year earlier, when 1,772 square miles of forest were destroyed."

During the pandemic lockdown last spring, carbon dioxide emissions decreased, bringing bluer skies across the world. But methane didn't abate; cows kept on burping.

The use of natural gas for energy was seen as more beneficial to the environment than oil, and the Obama administration tightened rules against the methane release from natural-pipes and drilling gear. But Trump, in his relentless drive to remove regulations, let the methane flow again.

And, as poverty falls across the world, the taste for juicy steaks rises. The increased desire for more red meat means more cows, and more methane.

The earth is experiencing a major extinction of animal species. But cows will always be with us.

Globe has six-month opportunity to reduce carbon emissions, IEA chief says

Pandemic recovery plans give the world a last chance to build a green economy, according to the International Energy Agency chief.

Nations must take action to reduce carbon emissions in the next six months or climate change devastation will be unavoidable, IEA Chief Executive Fatih Birol told The Guardian.

Global emissions are rising again with the haphazard reopening from the coronavirus shutdown. In April, emissions fell an average of 17 percent over last year's totals, according to media reports. But in June, CO2 emissions were just 5 percent less than in 2019.

An IEA report said that the world will spend $9 trillion in economic stimulus plans in the next few months. That money should be spent on green jobs to make buildings more energy efficient and on solar and wind power projects, the IEA said.

Spending decisions for the six-month period will determine the economy's structure for the next three years, Birol said. Without major programs now, emissions will keep rising, making climate change inescapable.